石墨基液流电池复合双极板

液流电池是一种安全性高、使用寿命长、可扩展的大规模储能系统,可以协助电网调峰储能,提高能源利用率,发展前景广阔。双极板是液流电池的重要组成部分。功能上起到了分隔、串联电池、传导电流、为电堆提供结构支撑等作用。从成本构成角度看,双极板的价格占电堆成本的比重也较大。开发高性能、低成本的双极板对加快液流电池的商业化应用具有重要意义,也是目前业界的迫切需求。虽然文献上报道了许多针对液流电池双极板开发的工作,但是目前高性能、低成本的液流电池双极板产品仍无法充分满足市场需求。本文着重介绍了石墨基复合双极板的研究现状,介绍了材料选择、工艺流程对关键性能的影响,对相关工作进行了评述,并为液流电池双极板的开发提出了建议。     

Modification of Polylactide Nonwovens with Carbon Nanotubes and Ladder Poly(silsesquioxane)

Electrospun nonwovens of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and linear ladder-like poly(silsesquioxane) with methoxycarbonyl side groups (LPSQ-COOMe) were obtained. MWCNT and LPSQ-COOMe were added to the polymer solution before the electrospinning. In addition, nonwovens of PLLA grafted to modified MWCNT were electrospun. All modified nonwovens exhibited higher tensile strength than the neat PLA nonwoven. The addition of 10 wt.% of LPSQ-COOMe and 0.1 wt.% of MWCNT to PLLA increased the tensile strength of the nonwovens 2.4 times, improving also the elongation at the maximum stress.     

Curvature investigation in tapered fibers and its application to sensing and mode conversion

Non-adiabatic tapered fibers are basic photonic components used in a wide range of applications. Here we investigate a way to increase their utility through the controllable bending of one of their tapered sections. The experiments carried out explain, for the first time, the mechanics of this approach showing how these tapers can be used to build more sensitive sensors. Their use as highly efficient mode converters is also discussed.     

Path to achieving molecular dispersion in a dense reactive mixture

A uniform dispersion of reactants is necessary to achieve a complete reaction involving multicomponents. In this study, we have examined the role of plasticizer in the reaction of two seemingly unlikely reactants: a highly crystalline hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) and a strongly hydrogen bonded phenol formaldehyde resin. By combining information from NMR, infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry, we were able to determine the role of specific intermolecular interactions necessary for the plasticizer to dissolve the highly crystalline HMTA and to plasticize the phenol formaldehyde resin in this crosslinking reaction. The presence of the plasticizer increased the segmental mobility, disrupted the hydrogen bonded matrix, and freed the hydroxyl units, which further increased the solubility of the HMTA. Both the endothermic and exothermic transitions are accounted for in the calorimetric data obtained. For the first time, it is possible to obtain the effective molar ratio of each component needed to complete the crosslinking reaction efficiently. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015 , 53, 1519–1526     

Thermal gradient induced sidebranching in directional solidification

The polycrystalline perovskitelike manganese oxides La_1-xA_xMnO (A = Na, and K, ) have been fabricated by sol-gel technique. For all the compositions explored in this work, the average manganese oxidation state is practically constant, at for A = Na, and for A = K, respectively. A close relationship is confirmed to hold between the Curie temperature (T_c) and the bond distance of Mn-O. Results of magnetic measurements show that these materials can be utilized as suitable candidates for magnetic refrigerants with wide applied temperature span, for their significant entropy change and the easily tuned Curie temperature. Received: 12 September 1997 / Revised: 18 December 1997 / Accepted: 21 January 1998     

温度/应变/扭曲三参量同时测量低成本传感系统

提出了一种利用布喇格光纤光栅反射光作信号源、高频CO2激光脉冲写入的长周期光纤光栅和超周期光纤光栅作传感器实现温度、应变和扭曲同时测量的全光栅型低成本强度解调传感方案.文中利用长周期光纤光栅边缘滤波效应实现了温度、应变和扭曲传感信号的实时解调.实验结果表明，其温度和应变的测量灵敏度分别为－0.211 dB/℃和－0.012 dB/10με；而扭曲率的测量灵敏度为0.4394 dB/(rad·m－1)，是该法写入普通LPFG的4倍以上.     

安装偏差对光纤布喇格光栅应变测量的影响

通过理论推导和试验分析研究了安装偏差对光纤应变测量的影响，得到安装误差所带来测量误差的计算公式.发现光纤的轴向与预定安装方向的角偏差越大，测量误差也越大.用光纤光栅进行应变测量时，必须考虑光纤的安装偏差，它直接关系到测量结果的准确性.实际测量中要尽量确保传感器安装方位的准确.     

锥形光纤中光波传输特性的蒙特卡罗模拟

为了分析锥形光纤中光子流的传输特性和空间分布特性，采用了蒙特卡罗算法对其进行了模拟仿真，得到了大量光子经过锥形光纤后的光子分布图.模拟实验结果表明，通过锥形光纤的大量光子集中在探测器中心，到达探测器某一位置的光子数随着该位置到探测器中心距离的增加而减少，并且在锥形光纤锥度比一定的条件下，改变锥形光纤长度，光强度随着长度的增加而下降，但通过锥形光纤的光子分布是一样的.这些研究结果对锥形光纤的设计和实际应用提供了重要依据.     

高速双边缘光纤光栅波长解调技术

提出一种双边缘结构对光纤光栅传感进行波长解调的方案，利用被测光谱通过不同光谱特性的滤波器时输出不同光强的比值确定被测光的波长.该系统在解调时不存在任何机械移动部分，比扫描式的解调方法测量速度更快，运行时更稳定、更精确.     

Fiber torsion sensor demodulated by a high-birefringence fiber Bragg grating

A new high-birefringence (Hi-Bi) fiber torsion sensor demodulated by a Hi-Bi fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is proposed in this study. The twisted Hi-Bi fiber sensor characteristics are analyzed using the Jones matrix. The intensity ratio from two reflected Bragg wavelengths is associated with the twist angle of the measured Hi-Bi fiber. It is found that the twist angle resolution is estimated at around 0.3° under ±0.1 dB readout from an optical spectrum analyzer if the polarization state of the light source is stable. The advantages of this new torsion sensor are: (1) insensitivity to intensity variations from the light source, (2) insensitivity to the torsion gauge length, and (3) absolute measurement in the twist angle. However, the polarization state of light in the proposed method needs to be controlled, and any birefringence change in the twisted Hi-Bi fiber needs to be prevented.